Çözüldü Exponential Decay - Differential Equation - Logarithm

Konusu 'TOEFL - IELTS - SAT - ACT - GRE - GMAT Hazırlık' forumundadır ve Honore tarafından 23 Ocak 2026 başlatılmıştır.

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  1. Honore

    Honore Yönetici Yönetici

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    A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value. Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where N is the quantity and λ is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant (disintegration constant, rate constant, or transformation constant): dN(t) / dt = -λ·t and the half-life of the matter equals ln(2) / λ, where N(t) is the quantity at time t, and N₀ = N(0) is the initial quantity, that is, the quantity at time t = 0.
    Considering the aforementioned information,
    If there are 10^12 atoms in a radioactive matter of which its half-life is thirty days, how many days does it approximately take until there are 10^4 atoms left? [log(e) ≈ 0.434, ln(2) ≈ 0.693]

    A) 405
    B) 605
    C) 805
    D) 1005
    E) 1205


    Integrating (homework for the interested students) both sides of the equation dN(t) / dt = -λ·t yields N(t) = N₀·e^(-λ·t) where N₀ is the initial amount of the matter.
    30 = ln(2) / λ ⇒ λ = ln(2) / 30
    10^4 = 10^12·e^[ -t·ln(2) / 30 ]
    10^(-8) = e^[ -t·ln(2) / 30 ]
    10^8 = e^[ t·ln(2) / 30 ]
    8·log(10) = [ t·ln(2) / 30 ]·log(e)
    8·1 = t·ln(2)·log(e) / 30
    8·30 / [ ln(2)·log(e) ] = t
    t ≈ 240 / (0.693·0.43)
    t ≈ 805.4 days.

    Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

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